Early Mac Adventure Games

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The MacVenture games comprise a series of four adventure games introducing a characteristic menu-based point-and-click interface. They were originally developed for the Apple Macintosh by ICOM Simulations:

Déjà Vu (1985)
Uninvited (1986)
Shadowgate (1987)
Deja Vu II: Lost in Las Vegas (1988)

All these games have been released on other platforms including Commodore Amiga, Apple II, Atari ST, Commodore 64, IBM Personal Computer (PC), Pocket PC and Nintendo Entertainment System (NES). This article is about the original Macintosh versions which introduced new interface ideas to the adventure game genre and were blueprints for the other versions.

History[edit]

The MacVenture engine was written in 1985 for the first game in the series, Déjà Vu. Making the entire game fit together with system software on two 400 k single-sided floppy disks proved to be quite a challenge and special image compression routines had to be written to accomplish this.^[1]

A handful of sequels such as Beyond Shadowgate and Shadowgate 64 were later made, with only the background story in common with the MacVenture games. The rights to the MacVentures are currently maintained by Zojoi.

The 'MacVenture' name was used in loading screens and about boxes – in the original releases for other platforms it was translated, e.g. 'Atari Venture' or 'PC Venture'. MacVenture is the only of these used for referring to the game series in other contexts.

Developers[edit]

The MacVenture team had the following contributors to all four titles:

Darin Adler (primary developer)
David Marsh (graphics)
Terry Schulenburg (as 'Schulenberg' in Déjà Vu)

The following people had part in the development of some of the games, as noted:

Mitch Adler (Déjà Vu II)
Fred Allen (Déjà Vu II)
Brian Baker (Déjà Vu II)
Scott Berfield (producer/designer: Uninvited, producer: Déjà Vu, Shadowgate)
Ed Dluzen (Déjà Vu II)
Craig Erickson (Déjà Vu, Uninvited)
Dave Feldman (Uninvited, Shadowgate, Déjà Vu II)
Michael Manning (Déjà Vu II)
Kurt Nelson (Déjà Vu)
Karl Roelofs (graphics: Shadowgate, Déjà Vu II)
Paul Snively (Déjà Vu II)
Julia Ulano (Déjà Vu II)
Mark Waterman (Déjà Vu, Uninvited)
Billy Wolfe (Uninvited)

Features[edit]

The game interface is laid out in a novel 'desktop' style in which objects are taken from the environment and added to the player's possessions by dragging and dropping them into the 'inventory,' and in which there are standard menu commands such as 'Save as…'. Multiple objects can be selected and used at the same time by shift-clicking, and there is even a 'Clean up' command which sorts out the inventory in the same way as in the Finder (unlike the Finder, there is also a 'Mess up' command). Much as with any non-game application, the various game windows can be rearranged according to taste and the font of the text window changed as well. The MacVenture games use the Macintosh's built in widget toolkit for the user interface which adds to the feeling of the game as a regular application.

Unlike Sierra or LucasArts' classic adventure games, MacVentures are played in first-person perspective. The player's current view is displayed in a graphic window accompanied by a symbolic birds-eye view of exits in a side window. The name of the current location is displayed as the title of the graphic window. A characteristic feature is the 'self' window which provides a reference to the player himself for putting on clothes and the like.

The point-and-click approach means that no text commands are used except for occasional speech entered in a dialog box. Events taking place in the graphic window, as well as the result of the 'examine' command (similar to 'look' in other adventure games) are explained in a text window which also acts as a log of recent gameplay.

Content[edit]

The four MacVenture games all take place in settings common to movies. Two are hardboiled detective adventures, one is a haunted house ghost story, and the fourth a fantasyquest. The series has a lot of detail put into the game environment, in the form of a multitude of objects being able to act on each other. This gives a sense of depth to the environment, and -along the freedom to back and forth from room to room or street to street as you please- makes for a very non-linear gameplay.

Possibly to counter this liberty, all MacVenture games have some kind of time limit woven into the story: in Shadowgate the player must collect torches to be able to look around, in Uninvited evil forces gradually take control and create visions at unexpected times. In Déjà Vu the character has been injected with a poison, and has limited time to find the antidote. In Déjà Vu II the character is told to collect money or he will be killed.

Graphics are shown in a 256×171-pixel window and, although interactive, remain mostly static. Some limited animation is featured on player-initiated actions and when entering a room. In Uninvited, Shadowgate and Déjà Vu II the about box has an animated presentation of the development team in the style of the game, accompanied by music.

The text element in the games is notably literate and plays a role in the character of the games. Object and location descriptions are written in a recognizable style, and descriptions of the player character can be quite disparaging (for example, looking at a flower vase in Uninvited, you are told, 'It looks like a goldfish bowl, but it's serving as a vase. Function before form, perhaps -- just as in your case).'

Sound[edit]

The MacVentures make good but limited use of the original Mac's sound hardware, which allows for 22 kHzmonodigitized sound. Sound effects consist mostly of door creaks and other noises related to actions, but Uninvited also presents some ambient sounds.

Except for the 'Winchester Cathedral' sound in Uninvited, there is no music in the gameplay of the MacVentures. However, the three latter games feature elaborate about boxes with music and have ending scores.

Characteristic features[edit]

The freedom to pick up (most) objects and drop them at another location, at any chosen position. This could create annoyingly realistic 'where did I put that thing?' situations.
The ability to put things inside hollow objects such as jars, bowls or drawers. Doing this increases the number of objects that can be carried in the inventory.
The 'self' window containing an object referencing the main character. In Déjà Vu and Uninvited, the self is simply an oval with the text SELF, in Shadowgate and Déjà Vu II it is decorated in the theme of the game. Clicking in the background of the inventory window acts as a shortcut for selecting the self.
When starting over by selecting 'New', the player is greeted by 'Good morning'/-'afternoon'/-'evening' depending on the time of day.
Saved games are stored as ordinary files, unlike the more common save slots used in adventure games at this time.
When completing the game, the player is given the option to enter her/his name and print a diploma in the theme of the game.

Ports[edit]

The MacVenture games were ported to a multitude of platforms, including game consoles. Because of hardware limitations, and possibly differing expectations on the user demographic, the games were limited when ported to different platforms—particularly the Nintendo Entertainment System. The Amiga and Apple IIGS versions were translated rather faithfully and only lack some graphics detail (the Mac had typically twice their resolution). The DOS versions were more limited graphically as they used the 320×200 4-color CGA mode.

NES ports[edit]

Because of limited resolution and memory constraints inherent to the Nintendo Entertainment System (NES), a lot of detour game objects and interactions as well as some critical ones were removed. The 'Consume' command was removed, and operating (renamed 'use') could only be performed with objects in the inventory. Also lost was the ability to rearrange objects by dragging and dropping, necessitating 'take' and 'leave' commands. Leaving could only be performed on unnecessary game objects, this in combination with numerous changes uncalled for by technical constraints caused a much more guided and linear gameplay. For instance, in NES Déjà Vu the player is prohibited from leaving the bathroom without having looked in the mirror.

The descriptive texts were rewritten in a shorter and in a simplified vocabulary (there is no sign of a coordinated attempt, as some of the more literate game texts were left unaltered). Some of these alterations were most likely made in concordance with Nintendo's censorship policy^[2]^[3] of the time. In Uninvited the spells were turned into objects with names directly hinting at their use, the texts were also explicated to relieve players of unfolding the story by themselves. The digitized sound effects were removed, and music was introduced, giving the game more of an arcade game feel.

Release dates[edit]

MacVenture release years from copyright year on startup screen. Unlisted in this matrix are the Game Boy Color versions of Shadowgate and the release of the two-games-in-one cartridge of Déjà Vu I and II.
Déjà Vu	Uninvited	Shadowgate	Déjà Vu II
Macintosh	1985	1986	1987	1988
Amiga	1986	1987	1987	1989
Atari ST	1987^[4]	1987^[5]	n/a	1989^[6]
DOS	1987^[7]	1987	1988^[8]	1990
Commodore 64	1987^[9]	1988^[9]	n/a	n/a
Apple IIGS	1988	1988	1988	1989
NES	1990^[10]	1989^[11]	1989^[12]	n/a

Remakes[edit]

In the early 1990s ICOM Simulations made new versions of the four MacVentures for Windows 3.1 (the previous DOS ports used custom controls rather than Windows). These versions used a similar engine and the same objects and text. However, graphics and sound were completely remade (save for the 'Winchester Cathedral' record in Uninvited) with little effort to adhere to the game environments as depicted in the original versions. This created several anomalies where the textual descriptions do not match the way objects look.

The remade graphics were also used in the Infinite Ventures releases for Pocket PC.

Zojoi released a digital-only remake of Shadowgate for Windows, Mac, Linux, and iOS in 2014 via Steam, GOG.com, and the App Store.^[13] While the game has a similar room layout to the original, the graphics, plot, and puzzles have all been redone. This remake was ported to consoles^[13] by Abstraction Games and released in April of 2019 for the Nintendo Switch,^[14]PlayStation 4 (via PlayStation Network),^[15] and Xbox One (via Xbox Live).^[16]

Reception[edit]

The MacVenture series sold 2 million units by 2003.^[17]

References[edit]

^Adler, Darin. 'Monologue'. pp. 1985: Schoolwork suffers. Retrieved December 28, 2007.
^Crockford, Douglas. 'The Expurgation of Maniac Mansion'. Retrieved June 5, 2006.
^Nintendo's Era of Censorship
^http://www.atarilegend.com/games/games_detail.php?game_id=929
^http://www.atarilegend.com/games/games_detail.php?game_id=3100
^http://www.atarilegend.com/games/games_detail.php?game_id=930
^http://www.mobygames.com/game/dos/deja-vu-a-nightmare-comes-true/screenshots/gameShotId,5644/
^http://www.mobygames.com/game/dos/shadowgate/screenshots/gameShotId,17917/
^ ^a^bhttp://www.lemon64.com/?game_id=2760
^http://www.mobygames.com/game/nes/deja-vu-a-nightmare-comes-true/screenshots/gameShotId,74375/
^http://www.mobygames.com/game/nes/uninvited/screenshots/gameShotId,550581/
^http://www.mobygames.com/game/nes/shadowgate/screenshots/gameShotId,48287/
^ ^a^bhttps://www.zojoi.com/shadowgate
^https://www.nintendo.com/games/detail/shadowgate-switch
^https://store.playstation.com/en-us/product/UP4126-CUSA06961_00-000SHADOWGATEPS4
^https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/p/shadowgate-remake/9n1217ltqqs8
^'Archived copy'. Archived from the original on 2003-02-01. Retrieved 2003-02-01.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)

External links[edit]

Retrieved from 'https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MacVenture&oldid=950427685'

The following list of text-based games is not to be considered an authoritative, comprehensive listing of all such games; rather, it is intended to represent a wide range of game styles and genres presented using the text mode display and their evolution across a long period.

On mainframe computers[edit]

Years listed are those in which early mainframe games and others are believed to have originally appeared. Often these games were continually modified and played as a succession of versions for years after their initial posting. (For purposes of this list, minicomputers are considered mainframes, in contrast to microcomputers, which are not.)

Title	Year Created	Creator	Notes
BBC	1961	John Burgeson	Baseball simulator
Unnamed American football game^[1]	1968 or before	Unknown	For the Dartmouth Time Sharing System. One of 'many games' in library of 500 programs.
The Sumer Game	1968	Doug Dyment	AKA Hamurabi
Highnoon	1970	Christopher Gaylo
Baseball	1971	Don Daglow
Oregon Trail	1971	Don Rawitsch
Star Trek (strategy game)	1971	Mike Mayfield
Hunt the Wumpus	1972	Gregory Yob
Star Trek (script game)	1972	Don Daglow
TREK73	1973	William K. Char, Perry Lee, and Dan Gee
Cornell U. Hockey	1973	Charles Buttrey
Wander	1974	Peter Langston
dnd	1975	Gary Whisenhunt and Ray Wood
Dungeon	1975	Don Daglow
Colossal Cave Adventure	1976	Will Crowther	The original adventure game
Dukedom	1976	Vince Talbot
Empire	1977	Walter Bright
Mystery Mansion	1977	Bill Wolpert
Zork	1977	Tim Anderson, Marc Blank, Bruce Daniels and Dave Lebling
Acheton	1978	Jon Thackray, David Seal and Jonathan Partington	Adventure game originally hosted on Cambridge University's Phoenix mainframe
Decwar	1978	Hysick, Bob and Potter, Jeff
MUD	1978	Roy Trubshaw and Richard Bartle	The first multi-user dungeon. See List of MUDs for later examples.
Battlestar	1979	David Riggle
Brand X	1979	Peter Killworth and Jonathan Mestel	AKA Philosopher's Quest
HAUNT	1979	John Laird
Martian Adventure	1979	Brad Templeton and Kieran Carroll
New Adventure	1979	Mark Niemiec
FisK	1980	John Sobotik and Richard Beigel	Text based adventure game
Hezarin	1980	Steve Tinney, Alex Shipp and Jon Thackray
Kingdom of Hamil	1980	Jonathan Partington	Adventure game originally hosted on Cambridge University's Phoenix mainframe
Monsters of Murdac	1980	Jonathan Partington	Adventure game originally hosted on Cambridge University's Phoenix mainframe
Quondam	1980	Rod Underwood	Adventure game originally hosted on Cambridge University's Phoenix mainframe
Rogue	1980	Michael Toy, Glenn Wichman, and Ken Arnold
LORD	1981	Olli J. Paavola	Based on Lord of the Rings
Avon	1983	Jonathan Partington	Shakespeareanadventure game originally hosted on Cambridge University's Phoenix mainframe
Castle	1983	Barry Wilks
Dunnet	1983	Ron Schnell
Fyleet	1986	Jonathan Partington	Adventure game originally hosted on Cambridge University's Phoenix mainframe
Crobe	1987	Jonathan Partington	Adventure game originally hosted on Cambridge University's Phoenix mainframe
Nidus	1987	Adam Atkinson
Quest of the Sangraal	1987	Jonathan Partington	Adventure game originally hosted on Cambridge University's Phoenix mainframe
Spycatcher	1989	Jonathan Partington and Jon Thackray	Adventure game originally hosted on Cambridge University's Phoenix mainframe; released commercially by Topologika Software as Spy Snatcher

On personal computers[edit]